Brazil coconut overview
Brazil is one of the world's largest coconut producers. The country's official agricultural statistics are compiled by IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica), which publishes coconut production data annually through the Municipal Agricultural Production survey (Producao Agricola Municipal, PAM).
Key facts from the 2019-2024 time series:
- Production grew 34.5% from 1,565,775 to 2,105,345 thousand fruits between 2019 and 2024.
- Harvested area remained stable at approximately 187,000 hectares throughout the period (187,297 ha in 2019; 187,164 ha in 2024).
- Average yield increased 34.6% from 8,360 to 11,249 fruits per hectare, indicating that production growth was driven by improved productivity rather than area expansion.
- 2024 data is preliminary. IBGE's PAM 2024 was released on 11 September 2025. The 2024 values are classified as preliminary results and may be revised in the next release.
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is cultivated primarily in the Northeast and North regions. Of the 27 states and the Federal District, 23 reported coconut production in 2024. The top five states (Ceara, Bahia, Pernambuco, Para, Rio Grande do Norte) account for 73.4% of national production.
National production, 2019-2024
Between 2019 and 2024, total production rose from 1,565,775 to 2,105,345 thousand fruits (+34.5%). Harvested area remained between 185,369 and 189,384 hectares throughout the period (-0.1% net change from 2019 to 2024). Average yield climbed from 8,360 to 11,249 fruits per hectare (+34.6%). The production value column is in current Brazilian reais, without deflation.
| Year | Production (thousand fruits) | Harvested area (ha) | Average yield (fruits/ha) | Production value (R$ thousand) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 1,565,775 | 187,297 | 8,360 | 936,517 |
| 2020 | 1,622,730 | 185,369 | 8,754 | 1,121,502 |
| 2021 | 1,643,453 | 187,592 | 8,761 | 1,304,945 |
| 2022 | 1,827,850 | 189,384 | 9,652 | 1,587,761 |
| 2023 | 1,932,582 | 186,763 | 10,348 | 1,613,849 |
| 2024 | 2,105,345 | 187,164 | 11,249 | 2,275,451 |
Source: IBGE, Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM), SIDRA table 5457, product 40145 (coco-da-baia). Variables: 214 (production, thousand fruits), 216 (harvested area, ha), 112 (average yield, fruits/ha), 215 (production value, R$ thousand, current prices). Accessed 8 Sep 2026. 2024 = preliminary results.[1]
Chart 1. Bars: production quantity (left axis, million fruits). Line: harvested area (right axis, thousand ha). Values from Table 1.
Production by state, 2024
Of the 27 states and the Federal District, 23 reported coconut production in 2024. Four (Amapa, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and the Federal District) appear in SIDRA with the symbol "-" (no data) and are excluded from the table. The sum of all 23 states equals the national total of 2,105,345 thousand fruits. Ceara is the #1 producer with 588,495 thousand fruits (28.0%); the top five (Ceara, Bahia, Pernambuco, Para, Rio Grande do Norte) account for 73.4% of the national total. The "% of Brazil" column is calculated on this page; all other values come directly from the API.
| # | State | Production (thousand fruits) | % of Brazil | Harvested area (ha) | Yield (fruits/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ceara | 588,495 | 28.0% | 44,161 | 13,326 |
| 2 | Bahia | 359,890 | 17.1% | 37,324 | 9,642 |
| 3 | Pernambuco | 262,537 | 12.5% | 8,548 | 30,713 |
| 4 | Para | 169,935 | 8.1% | 16,868 | 10,074 |
| 5 | Rio Grande do Norte | 164,555 | 7.8% | 18,289 | 8,997 |
| 6 | Sergipe | 155,864 | 7.4% | 19,836 | 7,858 |
| 7 | Espirito Santo | 153,746 | 7.3% | 8,441 | 18,214 |
| 8 | Alagoas | 85,057 | 4.0% | 18,236 | 4,664 |
| 9 | Paraiba | 83,532 | 4.0% | 7,172 | 11,647 |
| 10 | Rio de Janeiro | 20,028 | 1.0% | 1,697 | 11,802 |
| Brazil (total) | 2,105,345 | 100.0% | 187,164 | 11,249 |
Note: the top 5 states account for 73.4% of national production. Full table with all 23 states available in the Portuguese version. Source: IBGE PAM, SIDRA 5457. "% of Brazil" is computed on this page (state quantity / national total).[1]
Chart 2. Top 10 states by production in 2024, thousand fruits. Values from Table 2.
Top 20 municipalities, 2024
The PAM 2024 lists 5,563 municipalities for table 5457; of those, 1,444 reported coconut production greater than zero. The sum of all municipalities equals the national total of 2,105,345 thousand fruits. The top 20 concentrate 60.9% of national production; 6 of them are in Ceara. Yield varies from 5,555 to 40,000 fruits per hectare among these 20 municipalities.
| # | Municipality | State | Production (thousand fruits) | Area (ha) | Yield (fruits/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Petrolandia | PE | 162,000 | 4,050 | 40,000 |
| 2 | Paraipaba | CE | 155,899 | 6,098 | 25,566 |
| 3 | Acarau | CE | 122,198 | 6,960 | 17,557 |
| 4 | Touros | RN | 105,000 | 7,000 | 15,000 |
| 5 | Trairi | CE | 96,728 | 8,541 | 11,325 |
| 6 | Moju | PA | 79,775 | 7,700 | 10,360 |
| 7 | Rodelas | BA | 75,181 | 2,333 | 32,225 |
| 8 | Petrolina | PE | 70,000 | 2,000 | 35,000 |
| 9 | Sao Mateus | ES | 65,100 | 2,170 | 30,000 |
| 10 | Juazeiro | BA | 64,846 | 1,655 | 39,182 |
| 11 | Conde | BA | 54,439 | 9,800 | 5,555 |
| 12 | Itarema | CE | 42,600 | 5,439 | 7,832 |
| 13 | Neopolis | SE | 30,538 | 1,241 | 24,608 |
| 14 | Linhares | ES | 27,700 | 2,770 | 10,000 |
| 15 | Estancia | SE | 24,805 | 2,050 | 12,100 |
| 16 | Lucena | PB | 21,422 | 1,263 | 16,961 |
| 17 | Beberibe | CE | 21,420 | 2,485 | 8,620 |
| 18 | Acara | PA | 21,000 | 2,100 | 10,000 |
| 19 | Amontada | CE | 20,728 | 2,273 | 9,119 |
| 20 | Porto Seguro | BA | 20,100 | 1,675 | 12,000 |
Source: IBGE PAM, SIDRA 5457, product 40145. Ceara municipalities are highlighted. Rows with green background indicate municipalities in the state of Ceara. Full municipal data with all 1,444 municipalities is available as CSV download.[1]
Ceara: Brazil's coconut leader
Ceara produced 588,495 thousand fruits in 2024, representing 28.0% of national production. The state has 145 municipalities with reported coconut production, spanning its entire northern coastline and irrigated interior valleys.
The top municipalities in Ceara:
- Paraipaba: 155,899 thousand fruits, 26.5% of Ceara's total, #2 nationally. This is where Carve's coconut husk processing plant is located.
- Acarau: 122,198 thousand fruits, 20.8% of the state.
- Trairi: 96,728 thousand fruits, 16.4% of the state.
- Itarema: 42,600 thousand fruits, 7.2% of the state.
- Beberibe: 21,420 thousand fruits, 3.6% of the state.
The top 20 municipalities account for 94.9% of Ceara's production. The full breakdown of all 145 municipalities is available in the Ceara CSV download.
Husk availability for coir processing
Coconut husks are the raw material for coir substrates and coir fiber. The relationship between fruit count (as published by IBGE) and husk weight depends on factors that IBGE does not track.
What the technical literature says
- Embrapa Ageitec (Technology Information Agency): the husk (exocarp + mesocarp) represents approximately 57% of the fruit's weight for the mature coconut. For the tall (giant) variety, this yields approximately 0.9 kg of husk per fruit.[2]
- Husk processing yields: approximately 30% fiber and 70% pith (by weight) from raw husk.[2]
- Embrapa, Document 234 (2019): reports husks as "about 80% of the fruit's gross weight", but this figure appears to refer to the green coconut (consumed for water), not the mature dry coconut used for coir production.[3]
Why this page does not publish tonnage estimates
IBGE does not publish fruit weight. The 0.9 kg per fruit factor was derived for the tall (giant) coconut variety. However, hybrid and dwarf varieties, which are common in irrigated areas such as Paraipaba and the Sao Francisco Valley (Petrolandia, Petrolina, Juazeiro, Rodelas), produce lighter fruits. IBGE's PAM does not separate production by variety, so applying a single weight factor to the aggregate figure would produce an estimate without a measured basis.
For this reason, this page does not publish tonnage estimates of husk by state. A separate page with a variety-specific methodology, measured conversion factors, and confidence intervals will be published in this data section.
Data source and methodology
Source and variables
IBGE, Municipal Agricultural Production (Producao Agricola Municipal, PAM), SIDRA table 5457. Product: 40145 (coco-da-baia, classification c782). Variables: 214 (production quantity, thousand fruits), 216 (harvested area, ha), 112 (average yield, fruits/ha), 215 (production value, R$ thousand at current prices).[1]
API endpoints (verbatim)
Brazil and states, 2019 to 2024:
Municipalities, 2024:
https://apisidra.ibge.gov.br/values/t/5457/n6/all/v/214,216,215,112/p/2024/c782/40145?formato=json
Accessed 8 Sep 2026 (23:30-23:45 Brasilia time), without API key. The municipal response (approximately 4.8 MB) was retrieved in a single call.
Unit clarification
The table descriptor for SIDRA 5457 states, for product 40145 (coco-da-baia): "The production quantity of coco-da-baia is expressed in thousand fruits and the average yield in fruits/ha." General note 6 of the same table repeats this rule. The API's generic variable labels ("Tonnes" for variable 214, "Kilograms per Hectare" for variable 112) do not match the actual unit for coco-da-baia.[1]
Data status and update schedule
Note 13 of the table descriptor: "The data for the most recent year are PRELIMINARY RESULTS and may be revised in the next release." PAM 2024 was released by IBGE on 11 September 2025; the 2024 values on this page are therefore preliminary. This page is reviewed every September after the annual PAM release.
Downloads
CSV files generated from the API calls above. Data license: IBGE (public data). Compilation license: CC BY 4.0.
Frequently asked questions
How much coconut does Brazil produce?
In 2024, Brazil produced 2,105,345 thousand fruits of coconut (coco-da-baia), according to preliminary data from the IBGE Municipal Agricultural Production survey (PAM). This figure is measured in thousand fruits, not tonnes. Between 2019 and 2024, production grew 34.5%, from 1,565,775 to 2,105,345 thousand fruits. Harvested area remained stable at approximately 187,000 hectares, meaning the growth was driven entirely by yield improvements (from 8,360 to 11,249 fruits per hectare). Source: IBGE PAM, SIDRA table 5457.[1]
Which state produces the most coconuts in Brazil?
Ceara is Brazil's largest coconut-producing state, with 588,495 thousand fruits in 2024, accounting for 28.0% of national production. Bahia ranks second with 359,890 thousand fruits (17.1%), followed by Pernambuco with 262,537 (12.5%), Para with 169,935 (8.1%), and Rio Grande do Norte with 164,555 (7.8%). The top five states together account for 73.4% of Brazil's total coconut production. Source: IBGE PAM, SIDRA table 5457.[1]
Where is Paraipaba?
Paraipaba is a municipality in the state of Ceara, northeastern Brazil, located approximately 90 km from the Port of Pecem. It is the #2 coconut-producing municipality in Brazil (155,899 thousand fruits in 2024) and the largest in Ceara (26.5% of the state's production). Paraipaba's coconut plantations are irrigated, primarily using hybrid and dwarf varieties. Carve's coconut husk processing plant (UPF) is located in Paraipaba. Source: IBGE PAM.[1]
How much coconut husk is available for coir in Brazil?
Each coconut generates approximately 0.9 kg of husk (Embrapa, tall variety), and the husk represents about 57% of the mature fruit's weight. However, IBGE does not publish fruit weight, and the 0.9 kg factor applies only to the tall (giant) variety. Hybrid and dwarf varieties, common in irrigated areas, produce lighter fruits. This page does not publish tonnage estimates because there is no reliable variety-specific weight data at the municipal level. The processing yield from raw husk is approximately 30% fiber and 70% pith (by weight). Sources: Embrapa Ageitec, Embrapa Document 234.[2][3]
Where does the IBGE data come from?
The data comes from IBGE's Municipal Agricultural Production survey (Producao Agricola Municipal, PAM), which is published annually. For coconut, the relevant SIDRA table is 5457, product code 40145 (coco-da-baia). The data can be accessed freely via the SIDRA API at apisidra.ibge.gov.br. The 2024 figures are preliminary results. PAM covers all Brazilian municipalities and is based on reports from IBGE's regional offices, municipal agricultural secretariats, and state extension agencies. Source: IBGE PAM.[1]
Sources
- IBGE, Producao Agricola Municipal (PAM), SIDRA table 5457, product 40145 (coco-da-baia). Variables 214 (production, thousand fruits), 216 (harvested area, ha), 112 (average yield, fruits/ha), 215 (production value, R$ thousand). sidra.ibge.gov.br/Tabela/5457. Table descriptor: sidra.ibge.gov.br/Tabela/Descricao/5457. Accessed 8 Sep 2026.
- Embrapa, Ageitec - Arvore do Conhecimento Coco, "Coprodutos". embrapa.br/.../coprodutos. Husk = ~57% of fruit weight; ~0.9 kg husk per fruit (tall variety); processing yield ~30% fiber, ~70% pith.
- Embrapa, Documentos 234 (2019) - "Aproveitamento de cascas de coco para geracao de energia termica". infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/.... Reports husks as "about 80% of gross weight" (appears to refer to green coconut).
- IBGE, "Alteracoes nas Unidades de Medida de Frutas" (2001). sidra.ibge.gov.br/.../AlteracoesUnidadesMedidaFrutas.pdf. Internal conversion factors; coco-da-baia was kept in thousand fruits (not converted to tonnes).
How to cite this page
APA: Carve Substrates. (2026). Brazil coconut production by state and municipality (IBGE PAM 2019-2024) (v1.0) [Data set]. https://carvebio.com.br/en/data/coconut-production-brazil
The official data belongs to the sources cited (IBGE, Embrapa). The compilation, text and charts on this page are published under CC BY 4.0: reuse with attribution to Carve Substrates and a link to this page. Data questions: [email protected].